Forensics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crime scene investigation - Essay Example From an unassuming start during the nineteenth Century absent a lot of information backing to demonstrate its validity and helpfulness, it has now advanced as an observational and target science on its own benefits and rights. Throughout the years, it was found, maybe unintentionally, path in 1868, by a Swiss researcher called Friedrich Meischer when he was separating core properties in discharge cells. From that point forward, DNA profiling has progressed significantly and has been utilized to give due legal procedure of equity in numerous lawbreaker and non criminal cases. Alec Jeffreys and associates exploring DNA fingerprinting at the University of Leicester showed up at certain surprising realities (at that time of history) with respect to the way that â€Å"individual contrasts in dependent on rehash successions in DNA.† Do happen that could help in criminal examination. (Johnson and Williams, 2006). Further it was likewise observed that â€Å"The probability of getting DNA from the ‘abandoned property’ of criminal speculates left at wrongdoing scene produced enormous enthusiasm among police investigators.† and could even help bring about breaking significant criminal cases, where the culprits could stay everywhere because of absence of implicating proof against them. (Johnson and Williams, 2006, para.18). From that point forward, there have been numerous enhancements in deciding the speed, adequacy and convincingness of DNA profiling and its effect upon society as a composite and complete science. After some time devoted DNA Scientific Research Centers have additionally been operationalised to help and abet explaining of social and criminal issues through the arrangement of DNA profiling. These endeavors have likewise met with a sensible level of achievement to such an extent that DNA fingerprinting has now come to speak to a significant logical and against criminal forward leap as of late. DNA tests have additionally demonstrated definitive proof in vindicating blameless speculates who were moping in prison denounced on

Free Sample Assignment on Marketing Plan of Michael Kors

Question: Depict about the Marketing Plan of Michael Kors. Answer: Prologue to the Company Michael Kors is a notable maker of readymade mens and womens embellishments, watches, and aroma items. It is a worldwide brand and running its activities from over 35 years. The organization works in all degrees of the flexibly chain and has basically three circulation modes, to be specific, retail group, discount position and authorizing design (Michael Kors, 2016). It produces financial plan inviting yet a la mode items. The essential markets of the organization are Europe and the USA. As of late, the organization is concentrating on growing its business in other developing markets, for example, China, Iran and India. The accompanying report directs an intensive investigation of the potential markets for the organization to extend. In such manner, the full scale and miniaturized scale factors affecting the design business are investigated, the inner business factor of Michael Kors are talked about, the potential markets are assessed based on 12 Cs universal market methodology, and proposals are given with the goal that the organization can enter the market effectively. Examination of Macro and Micro Factors affecting on the Fashion Industry The worldwide style industry is impact by a few factors on which the entrepreneur has little control. It is significant that an organization adjust to these components to succeed. In this report, the large scale condition of the design business is examined through PEST examination (Applegate Johnsen, 2007). Political variables: The style business is affected by the work laws and world of politics of a nation. The exchange laws and the fare laws likewise impact the design organizations. Financial elements: In the hours of monetary blast, the clients have increasingly extra cash in their grasp. Subsequently, the clients are increasingly disposed to purchase design items. As opposed to it, downturns negatively affect the deals of the design business. Social Factors: It incorporates factors, for example, culture, way of life, and socioeconomics. The style organizations need to make things that intrigue the focused on showcase fragment. Notwithstanding it, socioeconomics additionally impact the buyer conduct, for instance, in places where the birth rate is low, interest for child garments will be low (Duff, 2016). Innovative Factors: In style industry, innovation assumes a basic job in showcasing and activities. Investigation of Micro Factors impacting the Fashion Industry The miniaturized scale condition incorporates those components that can be constrained by the administration of the association. The most significant components are rivalry, provider and customers. The smaller scale condition of the style business is investigated by the doormen five power model. The watchmen five power investigation looks at the intensity in a given market based on five powers, to be specific, purchaser power, provider power, serious contention, the danger of new contestants and the danger of replacement (Porter, 2008). Purchaser Power: In style industry, a customer has different alternatives for a solitary item. There are various global and national contenders and the customers can undoubtedly switch organizations with no exchanging cost. In this manner, the haggling intensity of the customers is high. Provider power: In the style business, the items are redistributed from modest work organizations, for example, China and Bangladesh. In this way, the providers share altogether measure of the net benefit. In addition, they can be handily supplanted. In this way, the bartering intensity of the providers is low. Industry Rivalry: In the design business, there are an enormous number of retailers who sell comparable items. In this manner, there is serious rivalry among the organizations. There is extremely little advancement in the business and a large portion of the organizations are at value wars. Be that as it may, there are likewise a few sumptuous brands sell items at a significant expense, yet the piece of the overall industry for these organizations is low. Thus, the industry contention in this industry is high. Danger of New Entrants: Fashion industry is considered as an immersed industry because of the quantity of retailers in the business. There is little advancement in the business, which makes it hard for the new associations to separate themselves from the more established ones. Be that as it may, the organizations can use broad showcasing methodologies to separate themselves. The operational expenses of the organizations are likewise medium. In this way, the danger of new contestants in neither low nor high in style industry. Danger of replacement: There is no replacement to the design clothes and the style items. In this way, all the replacement to the style items is between various organizations and brands. The danger of replacement in the design business is low. Micheal Kors Internal Business Factors Watchmen Value Chain Framework The worth chain system gives an examination of the exercises that permits a firm to get upper hand and addition investor esteem. It is a nonexclusive model that inspects the scope of exercises which are separated as essential exercises and optional exercises (Wiedemann, 2013). The worth chain examination of Michel Kor is led underneath: Inbound coordinations: Most of the results of Michael Kor are produced in the Asian nations and put away in British Virgin Islands. It brings about expense and assessment putting something aside for the organization. Besides, putting away made in British Virgin Islands bring about simple availability of the items to the significant markets. Activities: It is the way toward changing contributions to completed items. The organization has hearty tasks. It has gifted workforce and in fact propelled apparatus to change contribution to completed items and administrations. Outbound coordinations: Michal Kor has an in fact principally three channels for item dissemination, to be specific, retail outlets, discount outlets and authorizing position. It has not partaken in other appropriation channels, for example, diversifying and joint dares to enter in universal markets. It has a constrained market for the most part in Europe and the USA; subsequently, the organization has restricted market. Promoting and Sales: In the ongoing year, Michael Kor has increased generous market in Europe and the USA because of broad and appealing showcasing strategy (Lutz, 2012). It has focused on its showcasing system on these higher white collar class and developing prosperous class. Administration: The staff of the organization is focussed on offering great types of assistance to the clients and be accessible to all their necessities to accomplish consumer loyalty. In the worth chain system, the essential exercises of the association are bolstered by: Foundation of the firm: Michael Kor is a main association in the design business. The framework and the control arrangement of the organization is well-sets up and best in class. Innovation: The Company has grasped innovation in the entirety of its tasks to accomplish proficiency and bolster all the worth making exercises. Human Resource the executives: Michael Kor attempts to increase upper hand over different contenders by enlisting and preparing the best ability in the business. It put exceptional accentuation in representative maintenance, improvement and preparing to upgrade efficiency of the association. Acquisition: Over the years, the organization has built up a strong gracefully chain that incorporates the acquisition of materials, supplies and hardware requiring little to no effort and high caliber. SWOT Analysis The SWOT investigation is a structure that examinations the inner qualities and shortcomings and outer chances and dangers (Pahl, Richter, 2009). It helps an association in key administration by distinguishing openings and qualities. Qualities The brand is extremely mainstream among the women. The organization has utilized the methodology of superstar support wherein various Hollywood VIPs have worn the brand on honorary pathway and embraced it. It has cut itself a specialty showcase fragment and is gigantically famous among the youthful age. All the structures are created by the eminent worldwide architects Shortcomings It serves a constrained advertising portion in the US and Europe. It is lesser known comprehensively. According to the ongoing technique of the organization, the brand has brought down its cost which has made the shopper view of low quality and mass organization. Openings Developing markets in creating nations in China, India and Israel. Trust-commendable brand, well known among the buyers as a solid brand. Quickly developing lavish way of life advertise because of increment in higher working class in the worldwide populace. These days, numerous organizations are exchanging through web and web based business stages. It is an open door for Michael Kors to build showcase infiltration and client base. Dangers It gave restricted alternatives or selection of items. Other rising organizations which are attempting to get the market fragment held by Michael Kor. There are various rivals in the extravagance punishment. Market Attractiveness Evaluation utilizing 12 Cs Framework An organization can break down universal markets openings utilizing the 12 Cs system. As indicated by this system, the 12 Cs are nation, culture client conduct, fixation, correspondence, channels of dissemination, ability to pay, cash, control and coordination, duty, decisions, authoritative commitments, provisos. With this system, a business association can analyze the practicality of the undertaking. China Nation: China is the most populated nation over the globe. In the ongoing years, the economy of the nation has considerably developed and accordingly the rich white collar class segment of the general public is developing. It likewise has a moderately preferable framework over other Asian nations and modest work. Culture Customer Behavior: Majority of the Chinese populace follow Buddhism religion. The youthful age are pulled in towards brands and extravagance merchandise. The developing white collar class has expanded t

How to Write a Good Community Service Essay Topic

How to Write a Good Community Service Essay TopicYou may have received an assignment in which you were asked to write a report on community service essay topics. This type of assignment is typically required for individuals looking to complete community service hours, and they can range from things as simple as picking up trash at the park to things as complex as someone paying a debt from their past.The first thing you will want to do if you are going to be assigned to write a community service essay topics is to make sure that you familiarize yourself with the definition of this term. They are generally defined as 'a situation in which people participate in non-profit organizations in order to make an impact on the world around them' and this is obviously important because you are not merely writing about it, but participating in it.Now that you know what community service is, it is time to start thinking about community service essays. You will be writing about situations where yo u might have contact with the organization that you are writing about, and depending on the topic of the essay, you may be required to give your opinion on certain events or things. For example, if you are assigned to write about children who have been in foster care for a long period of time, you will most likely be asked to weigh in on some of the children's case files, and also respond to allegations made by other community members.A great deal of the time when writing about community service essays, you will be asked to write about other people who have a strong opinion about the subject matter. In these cases, you should be prepared to lay out your position in a neutral manner in order to earn the respect of your peers in the community.If a writer is unwilling to display their opinions in a neutral manner, they risk alienating a person who might be a possible reader, and this will result in a person thinking that you have something to hide. Also, you should always be aware that people who have a vested interest in any particular event or person can try to sway your opinion. Always keep in mind that other people who you have only heard of online will have very different opinions than people you have heard of in person.The best way to approach community service essay topics is to think of them as you would a draft. This means that you will need to begin by creating an outline so that you can really see what you are writing about and how you are going to get to the main point.After you have an outline you can begin to think about the key points of the essay and then you can begin to think about the critical problems or issues that exist with the topics. When writing this way, you will often find that the problems you are addressing will be quite general in nature, and that you will need to narrow your focus to be able to address those specific problems.Community service essay topics can be an extremely fun way to gain some form of intellectual exercise and m ay also serve as a good way to get out of the house a little bit. Keep in mind that it is best to have a lot of experience with writing in this manner before you begin, and that this experience will come with time and practice.

Organizational Culture The Smartest Guys Of The Room

According to Robbins and Judge, organizational culture is, â€Å"a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations† (Robbins 249). A strong organizational culture is one whose organization’s core values are both intensely held and widely shared. After viewing Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room, it is obvious that Enron had not only an organizational culture that was strong, but one that was extreme and aggressive. This aggressive and strong organizational culture discouraged both teamwork and ethical behavior and in the end it only plagued Enron until it eventually collapsed under its downfall. The aggressive organizational culture started with Enron’s founder, Ken Lay, and other members of its top management such as Jeffrey Skilling and Lou Pai. From there it trickled down into those who worked under Enron’s top management such as traders and other employees. The aggressive culture then starts in the established criteria for new workers who are meant to fit into the founder’s philosophy of the organization and its culture. Enron searched for those who showed great potential, who graduated from some of the best universities in the world, and for â€Å"guys with spikes† who were former nerds that felt they had something to prove by working aggressively to get rich fast. The last criteria is important to note, because Jeffrey Skilling was considered to be one of those â€Å"guys with spikes†, and those who worked under him idolized hisShow MoreRelatedEnron : The Smartest Guys1384 Words   |  6 PagesEnron: The Smartest Guys in the Room Org anizational Movie Paper Enron Corporation’s failure in the year of 2001 has become a depiction of unethical corporate behavior for years to come. After having watched Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room; I found many organizational communications course concepts could be brought to our attention within the documentary. To further our understanding, I will offer my insight as to how class-related concepts connect with the documentary by discussing how EnronRead MoreEnrons Organizational Culture : Enron1643 Words   |  7 Pagesand fall so quickly? The key in analysing this question lies in Enron’s organizational culture, which is defined as â€Å"a shared meaning held by members distinguishing an organization† (Robbins and Judge, Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 269). During its prime, Enron appeared to be a successful and innovative company, but in reality was a company rooted in an organizational culture of corruption and greed. The five culture dimensions of stability, risk ta king and innovation, attention to detailRead MoreManagement and Organizational Structure1043 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Structures Ahmed Bassyouni University of Phoenix Sep 28, 2010 William Noble Some organizational theories could explain the Enron’s failure. Looking at the organizational structure and management of Enron, The structures were flat before the bureaucratic structure developed, then the bureaucratic structures developed in order to increase control. There were vertical structures where there was high level of control and according to theories the organizational circle is movingRead MoreEnron: Corporate Culture3743 Words   |  15 PagesENRON Corporate Culture Q1: Analyse the corporate culture at Enron and its management’s behaviour. Include in your analysis, the normative theory of ethics which you would consider most relevant in driving the decision making at Enron. Enron began by merger of two Houston pipeline companies in 1985, although as a new company Enron faced a lot of financial difficulties in the starting years, though the company was able to survive these financial problems (Enron Ethics, 2010). In 1988 the deregulationRead MoreThe Smartest Guys At The Room1261 Words   |  6 Pagesfamiliar with what has become one of America’s horror stories. It is a story about the American dream and promise gone amuck. The conclusion of the story is one that has shaped the way businesses operate ever since. The documentary Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room (Gibney, 2005) examines the ethical blunders of the natural gas/energy company Enron. Alex Gibney (2005), director and producer for the documentary, focuses on the role of three men who were credited as being key players in the downfall ofRead MoreA Film Review of Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room666 Words   |  3 PagesAbstract This is a review of the movie, Enron: The Smart Guys in the Room. The paper analyses the themes that contributed to the downfall of Enron. It also considers steps that Human Resources would have taken given the chance, in addressing the issues that contributed to the collapse of the Company. Factor That Led To Enrons Downfall According to the documentary Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room, it seems that one major reasons that led to Enrons down fall was; unethical corporate behaviorRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Enron Collapse Of Enron1366 Words   |  6 PagesCulture of Enron Before Enron bankruptcy it was one of America’s most powerful and successful energy companies. The company thrived and pushed to be number one no matter the circumstance, in this company’s case if it meant doing it illegally. Fraud accounting, auditing, energy trading, and illegal finance was the company’s downfall leading to corruption and most of all greed. Enron was aggressive and a competitive environment. The documentary was just not giving the name â€Å"The Smartest Guys in theRead MoreThe Leadership Styles Of The Executive Staff1383 Words   |  6 Pageswas considered the company’s visionary. He once declared, â€Å"I am Enron!† Because his perception of his own good fortune directly correlated with that of his company’s, he desperately needed Enron to succeed. Skilling promoted a risk-driven business culture; he planned exclusive, dangerous outdoor sporting retreats with his friends and top clients, which left the employees captiva ted and inspired to take risks for the company. Both Lay and Skilling had legitimate corporate power and were charismaticRead MoreImproving Ethical Behavior Is An Important Area Where Better Understanding Of Organization Behavior817 Words   |  4 Pages Improving ethical behavior is an important area where better understanding of organization behavior helps managers to train employees and tackle the ethical implications well. In an organizational world characterized by cutbacks, expectations of increasing productivity, and tough competition, it’s not surprising many employees feel pressured to cut corners, break rules, and engage in other questionable practices. Increasingly they face ethical dilemmas and ethical choices, in which they are requiredRead MoreThe Impact Of Organizational Culture On Enron s Predicament And Understands How These Behaviors Were Cultivated And Reinforced1460 Words   |  6 Pagesto organization culture. The aim of this paper is to examine the imp act of organizational culture on Enron’s predicament and understands how these behaviors were cultivated and reinforced. The organizational culture, strengthened by social control, normalized unethical practices that caused the failure of Enron. The organizational culture at Enron is unique and unconventional. The source of Enron’s stems from the company’s founders Ken Lay and Jeff Skilling. They fostered a culture based on the biological

Book Review- Share Jesus Without Fear Essay examples

Book Review: Share Jesus Without Fear Author Information William Fay began his walk and personal relationship with Jesus Christ in 1981. Before this, he was the President and Chief Executive Officer of a multi-million-dollar corporation linked to the Mafia, which was involved in racketeering, bookmaking and gambling. He also owned one of the largest brothels in the United States. After receiving Jesus, he went to Bible school and graduated from Denver Seminary in 1987. He is now a renowned evangelist who has written many books on contemporary evangelism. He is also a pastor, chaplain and nationally syndicated radio personality, who has shared his faith with over twenty five thousand of people. Linda Evans Shepherd is the co-author†¦show more content†¦Evaluation As he addresses extensively the subject of evangelism, it appears that Fay is very confident that is book is well needed due to the â€Å"sin of silence† that has gripped the Church and the body of Christ, in general. He has a powerful style that uses examples from his personal life and experiences to shows his reader that it is easy to share the Gospel. He also uses witnessing examples from the lives of various Christians to show the readers that they too can share the gospel without fear. He advocates a simple and non-confrontational approach to evangelism and states that God can use even imperfect attempts to share the Gospel. What God cannot use is the Christian’s silence about the Gospel. Though many of Fay’s examples are success stories, he also gives examples when non-believers do not accept Jesus and states that even where conversion does not take place, the believer who witnesses is still successful because of his or her obedience. He argues that evangelism is not about bringing people to Jesus or â€Å"winning souls† but it is about obedience (p.3). He even implies that success is not to be measured by the number of people saved but by obedience in acting out our Christian lives, sharing the gospel and believing God for the results. This challenges a lot of churches and believers who have fallen in the trap of measuring their success based on the number of people who have accepted Jesus and yet it is the Holy spirit who does the work of conversionShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Expectations Without Fear By William Fay1707 Words   |  7 Pages4MAT Book Review of Share Jesus Without Fear by William Fay Todd Bush EVAN 525: Contemporary Evangelism Instructor: Dr. Jeff Ward June 11, 2016 Abstract William Fay lays out the structure of how a Christian can adequately and courageously share their confidence in Share Jesus Without Fear. The book sets up extremely well as Fay s techniques are pragmatic and conversational. The inquiries and Scriptures that he directs the peruser through are not hard to recall or comprehend,Read MoreEssay On Jonathan Edwards1291 Words   |  6 Pagesoriginal philosophical theologians of all times. In my Prospectus paper, I will be discussing the sermons and the works of Jonathan Edwards. Jonathan Edwards was a special kind of man, his words when spoke during his sermons and preaching struck complete fear straight into the hearts of his listeners. Jonathan Edwards when compared to other preachers of his time to include Whitfield, Davies and Brainard was the most powerful speaker of his time. It was Jonathan Edwards who started the Great Awakening, heRead MoreLeadership Character And Ethics Matter Written By R. Gordon Fisher And Perry J. Martini867 W ords   |  4 PagesWhen asked to conduct a review of a book pertaining to leadership, I immediately chose Inspiring Leadership Character and Ethics Matter written by R. Stewart Fisher and Perry J. Martini. This book suggested on the United States Navy’s Recommended Reading List (The Blue Jacket s Manual , 2015) in addition to multiple universities including Regent University. The focus of this book is based on one basic principle: doing the right thing and making the right leadership decisions based on the characterRead MoreJoseph Smith Believed The Laminites Were The Ancestors Of The Native American Indians Essay1305 Words   |  6 Pagesplaced in pits, scaffolds, trees, or in canoes. This sent the individual off into the spiritual world. They clearly were not adverse to cremation that was prevalent in the Mormon community. However, Jesus confirms, â€Å"And do not fear those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather fear him who can destroy both soul and bo dy in hell† (Matt 10:28). This implies only one soul per body. This is another misconception due to the limited understanding of humans over God’s divine nature. 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Zara Business Case - 15365 Words

9-703-497 REV: DECEMBER 21, 2006 PANKAJ GHEMAWAT JOSÉ LUIS NUENO ZARA: Fast Fashion Fashion is the imitation of a given example and satisfies the demand for social adaptation. . . . The more an article becomes subject to rapid changes of fashion, the greater the demand for cheap products of its kind. — Georg Simmel, â€Å"Fashion† (1904) Inditex (Industria de Diseà ±o Textil) of Spain, the owner of Zara and five other apparel retailing chains, continued a trajectory of rapid, profitable growth by posting net income of â‚ ¬ 340 million on â‚ ¬ revenues of â‚ ¬ 3,250 million in its fiscal year 2001 (ending January 31, 2002). Inditex had had a heavily â‚ ¬ oversubscribed Initial Public Offering in May 2001. Over the next 12 months, its stock price†¦show more content†¦Proximity also mattered because it reduced shipping costs and lags, and because poorer neighbors sometimes benefited from trade concessions. While China became an export powerhouse across the board, greater regionalization was the dominant motif of changes in the appare l trade in the 1990s. Turkey, North Africa, and sundry Eastern European countries emerged as major suppliers to the European Union; Mexico and the Caribbean Basin as major suppliers to the United States; and China as the dominant supplier to Japan (where there were no quotas to restrict imports).3 World trade in apparel and textiles continued to be regulated by the Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA), which had restricted imports into certain markets (basically the United States, Canada, and Western Europe) since 1974. Two decades later, agreement was reached to phase out the MFA’s quota system by 2005, and to further reduce tariffs (which averaged 7% to 9% in the major markets). As of 2002, some warned that the transition to the post-MFA world could prove enormously disruptive for suppliers in many exporting and importing countries, and might even ignite demands for â€Å"managed trade.† There was alsoShow MoreRelatedZara Business Model (Case Analysis)2398 Words   |  10 PagesZara Case Quest 4/5/2011 Done By: Faisal Alsawaihan Zara case Quest What Business is Zara In? (Business model) Zara is one of the Inditex group, which they mainly in the apparel industry. It considers the most successful brand in this group and most of profit margin is coming from Zara stores that are widespread around the world (76countries) and their main products of apparel are for men, women, and kids. As we can see from the article (It for fast fashion) and Zara’s annual report in 2009, theRead MoreBusiness Analysis Of Zara, The Leading And The Profitable Brand Of Inditex1592 Words   |  7 Pages1. Executive Summary This case paper presents the business analysis of Zara, the leading and the profitable brand of Inditex. The case paper’s objective is to discuss whether to update the current DOS/IT infrastructure and evaluate the effects of the upgrade. It presents the IS implementation opportunities and evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation. It concludes by providing recommendations for updating the current OS along with its advantages. The approach to analysis includes lookingRead MoreZara Case Study986 Words   |  4 PagesZara is the flagship brand of the Spanish retail group, Inditex SA, one of the super-heated performers in a soft retail market in recent years. When Indtiex offered a 23 percent stake to the public in 2001, the issue was over-subscribed 26 times raising Euro2.1 billion for the company. Zara is unique model in business world today it has its own principles which may varies from its competitors in the same industry starting from production strategy ending with supply chain management strategy, theseRead MoreZara Case Write-Up Essay1279 Words   |  6 PagesCase 2: Zara 1. What are the essential elements of Zara’s business model? The business idea of Zara is to link customer demand to manufacturing, and to link manufacturing to distribution. And based on this general idea, Zara has several essential elements for its business model. First, speed and decision making, which means that in the external level, Zara need to respond very quickly to demands of target customers, and always keep in style. While for the inside, Zara treasure intelligenceRead MoreZara International Case Study1000 Words   |  4 PagesZara International was a retail shop originated in La Coruna, Spain in 1975. It was clothing and accessories shop and imitated the latest fashion trends and sold them at a lower cost. It became Zara International after entering Portugal in 1988 and then the United States and France in the 1990s. The distributor for this brand is Inditex and is considered the most successful retail chain in the world. Zara has a business strategy that is very different from the retailers nowadays. If a customer ordersRe ad MoreZaras Case Study1373 Words   |  6 Pagesdoes it differ from its Competitors? â€Å"Zara has pioneered leading-edge fashion clothes for budget minded young adults through a tightly integrated vertical structure that cuts delivery time between a garment’s design and retail delivery to under three weeks (against the industry norm of three to six months)† (Grant, 2010, p.212) According to Clayton Christensen in order to process you Value Proposition you must look at the following (Harvard Business Review) Zara’s value proposition isRead MoreSupply Chain Management Practices of Spanish Garments Retailer Zara,1124 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction This case discusses the unique supply chain management practices of Spanish garments retailer Zara, which enabled it to gain competitive advantage over other fashion retailers in the world. Zaras vertically integrated supply chain system enabled the company to place the latest designs in any store across the world within a period of two to three weeks. The company produced garments as per the latest trends in a limited quantity. Zara introduced 12,000 designs every year, with newRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1112 Words   |  5 Pages INTRODUCTION Top business companies in the world have discovered their own valuable strategy which makes their business superior than others. The secret is supply chain management (SCM) and it includes all integrated activities that from manufacture the product to customer service. SCM integrates the transportation and storage of raw materials , inventory, and finished goods from initial supplier to ultimate customer. Successful SCM coordinates everything into a seamless process. It connects allRead MoreAssignment Zaras778 Words   |  4 PagesYou are asked to read: Zara: IT for Fast Fashion. Then, you are required to use the following questions to format/organize your response (for the sake of brevity and clarity limit yourself to answering the questions concisely). Please read all the instructions carefully and comply by all of them. Please do not bypass/ignore the instructions or requirements—else points will be deducted. I. Problem Definition 1a. What is the key problem facing Zara executives? 1b. What are the sub-components ofRead MoreZara Case620 Words   |  3 PagesDEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTANCY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS MEMORANDUM TO:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mario Schijven FROM:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yue Ma DATE:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  September 28th, 2015    SUBJECT:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Zara’s Value Chain (Zara Case) Zara’s value chain differs from the other traditional models a lot. The design and creation rely extensively on copying fashion trends observed at the fashion shoes and at competitors’ points of sale, which based on buyers and designers alike. Value Chain Zara’s value chain is supported

Auditing and Professional Practice Global Accounting

Question: Describe about the Auditing and Professional Practice for Global Accounting. Answer: Part A: Audit planning Preliminary judgment of materiality Audit planning refers to the process to evaluate the correctness and validate all the proceedings related to the financial statements and recording produced by a company. The key objective of the audit planning in the company is to ensure that the financial statements are reported with transparency, so as to avoid any harm to the stakeholders interests to the company (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, 2016). Hence, while making a preliminary judgment, these factors will be taken into account. Analytical review At the onset, Bobs Bikes can be observed as performing fairly well according to the financial statements produced for 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. However, a comparative observation of the two years statements reveals chances of possible misstatements, which must be addressed prudently. Five accounts selected and rationales The five accounts that have been considered for the purpose of audit testing from the trial balance are depreciation account, interest expense account, sales account, cost of sales account and other income accounts. Depreciation Account The depreciation reported for 2014-2015 is $15,590 while the increases substantially in the next fiscal year of 2015-1016 to $28,916, which is almost twice the amount, reported in the previous fiscal year. It can also be observed from the trial balance that the amounts of all the assets, which include machinery, furniture and motors vehicle, for both the accounting periods, are same. Even though having the same amount for both the years, a huge difference in the depreciation amounts can be witnessed that may be erroneous. Accumulated Depreciation Account The amount for the machinery for the year 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 is recorded as $ 65,000 but the accumulated depreciation for both the years has changed significantly, as the depreciation amount for the year 2014-2015 has been recorded as $24,375 whereas the amount for the year 2015-2016 of the depreciation is shown as $46,041. A similar observation can also be obtained when assessing the values reported for motor vehicles and furniture where the depreciation amount for the motor vehicles and furniture has increased by $6,500 and $750 respectively. Interest Expense Account The second account taken for the purpose of auditing is the interest expense account. The amount for the interest expense recorded for the year 2014-2015 shows its value as $10,750 and the amount for the year 2015-2016 can seen as $8,958. However, the loans for both the years are recorded as $215,000, which indicates that the interest for both the years also had to be same. As per the trial balance of Bobs Bike, the disclosure of the same loan amount and different amounts for interest expense indicates a possibility of misstatement in the accounts maintained for interest expense, which needs further investigation. Cost of Sales Account The sales for the year 2014-2015 has been recorded as $187,450 and the sales for the year 2015-2016 has been recorded as $201,515, which shows a rise in the companys sales revenue by $14,065. Sales growth also leads to increase in the cost of sales. In other words, as there has been increase in the sales of the Bob Bikes during the year 2015-2016, the cost of sales also needs to increase. However, as per the trial balance of the Bob Bikes, the cost of sales has instead decreased by $10,324, which also hints towards a possible misrepresentation of facts. Hence, this account also needs to be evaluated correctly. Other Income Account The amount for the other income for the year 2014-2015 has been shown as $25,000 whereas the amount of other income has been recorded as $1,000, which shows a vast difference of $24,000 in just one year. It indicates that the owner of Bobs Bike is trying to hide the true income of the company or due to erroneous reporting. Apparently, the difference in the amount of other income needs proper auditing in order to make the financial statements error free. Part B: Sample Selection Explanation/demonstration of sampling technique The account selected for the purpose of sample selection is the sales account. The population for samples considered in this study included multiple options, such as the sales account, consultancy fees account, other income account an interest income account. As the sales transactions of Bobs Bike had changed substantially, with greater value addition that other accounts, which could have been motivated by the intent to show greater profit or income of the company, it was selected as the sample for further assessment. Moreover, as a disclosure to company income, its holds considerable importance that was also a reason for its selection. Sales, in terms of bookkeeping, can be defined as revenue generated by the company by selling the products or by providing services to its customers. Income from sales is directly reported in the income statement (CTI Reviews, 2016). Sales accounting is one of the most essential tasks for any organization commencing a business. It ensures that all rev enues and incomes are accounted and transferred with transparency to the company records. Sales can be of two types, i.e. cash sales and credit sales. Sales involving direct payment for the product or the services are referred as the cash sales. It includes immediate payment of cash to the seller, wherein, as soon as the customers pay the seller, the transaction is over. The amount received is subsequently shown in the sales account (Kotas Conlan, 1997). A credit sale, on the other hand, refers to the payments made by the customers in instalments (City of Lakewood, 2016). Notably, for the selection of this particular account rather than other accounts from the ledger records, the random sampling process was used. Benefits of selected sampling technique The random sampling technique of random sampling presumes that all the sampling units possess equal chances to be included in the sampling frame for the study and therefore, is effective to remove biases from the sampling process (Frerichs, 2008). The ledgers taken for the auditing processes included transactions recorded as on 10th of July 2015, 14th of August 2015, 25th of September of 2015, and that of 2nd of October 2015 along with the transaction recorded on 19th of February 2016. The amount transacted on 10th of July amounted to be $8,000, for 14th August, it was recorded as $5,200 and for 25th September as $5,300. The amount of sales done at 2nd October was recorded as $6,250 and the transaction done at 19th February was recorded as $6,200. The advantages of random sampling, in this case were identified as its ability to offer an understanding of the overall activities of the population, only transactions recorded in the companys sales account for the fiscal year 2015-2016. Accordingly, the sampling technique would enable a prominent understanding as to whether misrepresentation was conducted when recording the sales invoices in the account (ACCA Global, 2015). Stating precisely, systematic sampling is often regarded as the modified version of random sampling, which is also known as the Nth name selection technique. Accordingly thus, after the calculations of required size of the sample, the selections of the Nth record was conducted from the population numbers (StatPac Inc, 2014). Nonetheless, the sampling technique also involves certain disadvantages. For instance, it assumes that the population size can be practically estimated, which increases the chances of biases in the process, as it restricts equal chances for the samples to be included in the study and hence, may lead to either over or under representation of the sample. This method can be inefficient in case of heterogeneous population, as observed in this case (Arizona Board of Regent, 2016). System sampling also requires complete set of population. Improper arrangement of the population taken may result in inefficient sampling, wherein the estimation of the variance cannot be ob tained by conducting single sampling of the population (Statistical Institute for Asia and the Pacific, 2015). In order to reduce the chances of biases thus, the selection criteria set for the sampling process ensured that only values above $5,000 were, which would offer a better understanding of the risk of misrepresentations in the ledger account and the records provided through the financial statements for the year 2015-2016. Table 1: Transactions taken for random sampling method of the sales account of Bobs Bike Part C: Considerations in substantive testing and collecting audit evidence The reason for adopting the random sampling technique in part B was its usefulness in making unbiased selections. Moreover, it also added to the convenience of selecting samples from the relatively large population of the sample units. As the sales account is suspected to contain misstatements, completeness of the financial reports is more concerning (Cengage Learning, 2002). The audit procedure that would be more appropriate in case of Bobs Bike is tracing, as it is essential to do sampling of the sales ledger in order to specify their existence through the mechanism (ACCA, 2015). Occurrence, often referred as the existence, can also be considered as an assertion in identifying the receivables, cash balances and sales, which are recorded and have actually occurred (ACCA, 2015). The income account shows a significant difference in the amount of 24,000, which shows that the recorded transaction is false. Hence, more information in this regard should be sought for. The error in the financial statement is not acceptable, as it would lead to a change in the overall income recorded by the company, which might otherwise provide the shareholders with false information regarding its financial positioning. The objective of the test of controls is to assess if effective control is ensured. However, it does not evaluate monetary errors directly, whereas substantive testing, on the other hand, allows finding the monetary errors (Prentice Hall Business Publishing, 2008). Both these techniques can hence complement each other and mitigate the limitations. Financial planning is one of the most essential functions of a business. It is important to understand the purpose of reporting a financial statement. The auditor should also know the approaches to be used in accordance (Government of Alberta, 2016). Part-year trial balance statement can be sought when there is a need to adjust the amounts recorded in the financial statements by the company. An auditor may seek for an unadjusted trial balance in order to evaluate the correctness of the reports maintained and identify the suspected errors in reporting more precisely (Hall, 2015). References ACCA, Global 2015, Audit Sampling, Global, viewed 5 September 2016, https://www.accaglobal.com/gb/en/student/exam-support-resources/fundamentals-exams-study-resources/f8/technical-articles/audit-sampling.html ACCA, 2015, Audit Evidence and Specific Considerations for Certain Items, Home, viewed 5 September 2016, https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/discover/cpd-articles/audit-assurance/specific-considerations.html Arizona Board of Regent, 2016, Simple random sampling and systematic sampling, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, pp. 3-15. Cengage Learning, Substantive test in the revenue/receipt cycle: Sales, receivable, cash and management discretion in revenue recognition, Chapter 10, pp. 365-409. City of Lakewood, 2016, Credit Sales, Home, viewed 5 September 2016, https://www.lakewood.org/City_Clerk/Codes_and_Laws/Municipal_Code/Title_3_-_Revenue_and_Finance/Chapter_3_01_-_Sales_and_Use_Tax/2147487499/ Frerichs, R. R., 2008, Simple random sampling, Rapid Surveys, pp. 1-44. Government of Alberta, 2016, Preparing Financial Projections and Monitoring Results, About the Ministry, viewed 5 September 2016, https://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/bdv12845 Hall, J. A., 2015, Information Technology Auditing, Cengage Learning, Boston. Kotas, R. Conlan, M., 1997, Hospitality accounting, Cengage Learning EMEA, UK. Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Audit sampling for tests of details of balances, Chapter 17, pp. 1-44. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, 2016, AS 2101: Audit Planning, PCAOB, viewed 5 September 2016, https://pcaobus.org/Standards/Auditing/Pages/AS2101.aspx Statistical Institute for Asia and the Pacific, 2015, Module 2: Review of basics of sampling methods: probability sampling, sample selection and sample design and estimation, Systematic sampling, pp. 1-6. StatPac Inc, 2016, Survey Sampling Methods, Table of Contents, viewed 5 September 2016, https://www.statpac.com/surveys/sampling.htm Wilson, J. H., 2015, Business forecasting, Content Technologies Inc., California.

The Philosophical Society free essay sample

A comparison between Comtes, Socrates and Rousseaus philosophies on society. This paper compares and contrasts Comtes Positivism Theory from his writings in Great Being Humanity to Socrates theories from The Republic, Machiavellis theories from The Prince, and Rousseaus theories from A Discourse on Inequality. The author analyzes these philosophers ideals on society and justice and examines the way these ideals differ. The idea of society and justice has been central to many philosophical discussions. There has not only been great debate in elation to the positivism and natural aspect of the working society. The philosophers discussed below look at the working of justice and society. The starting point for the purpose of this paper is Comtes theory of positivism. A trend in bourgeois philosophy which declares natural (empirical) sciences to be the sole source of true knowledge and rejects the cognitive value of philosophical study. We will write a custom essay sample on The Philosophical Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Positivism emerged in response to the inability of speculative philosophy (e.g. Classical German Idealism) to solve philosophical problems which had arisen as a result of scientific development.

Quartzite Rock Geology and Uses

Quartzite Rock Geology and Uses Quartzite is a nonfoliated metamorphic rock that consists mostly of quartz. Its usually a white to pale gray rock, but occurs in other colors, including red and pink (from iron oxide), yellow, blue, green, and orange. The rock has a grainy surface with a sandpaper texture, but polishes to a glassy shine. Key Takeaways: Quartzite Rock Quartzite is a hard, nonfoliated metamorphic rock formed by the action of heat and pressure upon sandstone.Usually, the rock is white or gray, but it occurs in other pale colors. It has a grainy, rough surface. Magnification reveals a mosaic of quartz crystals.Pure quartzite consists entirely of silicon dioxide, but usually iron oxide and trace minerals are present.Quartzite occurs in folded mountain ranges at convergent plate boundaries worldwide. How Quartzite Forms Quartzite forms when pure or nearly pure quartz sandstone undergoes heating and pressure. Usually this is caused by tectonic compression. The sand grains of sandstone melt and recrystallize, cemented together by silica. Quartzite arenite is the intermediate stage between sandstone and quartzite. Arenite is still considered to be a sedimentary rock, but it has an extremely high quartz content. However, its difficult to identify the transition from sandstone to quartzite. Some geologists use the term quartzite to refer to metamorphic rocks consisting almost exclusively of quartz. Here, quartzite is identified by the way it fractures across grain boundaries, while arenite breaks around them. Other geologists simply identify quartzite as a tightly-cemented rock found above or below a band of sedimentary quartz rock. Quartzite Composition Quartzite consists almost entirely of silicon dioxide, SiO2. If the purity is about 99% SiO2, the rock is called orthquartzite. Otherwise, quartzite commonly contains iron oxide and may contain trace amounts of the minerals rutile, zircon, and magnetite. Quartzite may contain fossils. Properties Quartzite has a Mohs hardness of 7, which is comparable to that of quartz and considerably harder than sandstone. Like glass and obsidian, it breaks with a conchoidal fracture. Its coarse texture makes it difficult to hone to a fine edge. Under magnification, quartzites interlocking crystal structure becomes apparent. Magnified thin section of quartzite displays its mineralogy. Jackdaan88 Where to Find Quartzite Quartzite forms at convergent tectonic plate boundaries. Converging plates bury sandstone and exert compression. As the boundary folds, mountains arise. Thus, quartzite is found in folded mountain ranges worldwide. While erosion weathers softer rock away, quartzite remains, forming peaks and cliffs. The rock also litters mountain sides as scree. Quartzite cliffs surround Lake Oberon in Tasmania, Australia. Whitworth Images / Getty Images In the United States, you can find quartzite in eastern South Dakota, southwestern Minnesota, the Wasatch Range of Utah, the Baraboo Range of Wisconsin, Central Texas, near Washington, D.C., portions of Pennsylvania, and the mountains of Arizona and California. The town of Quartzite in Arizona takes its name from the rock in the nearby mountains. Quartzite occurs throughout the United Kingdom, the La Cloche Mountains in Canada, the Rhenish Massif in Continental Europe, Brazil, Poland, and the Chimanimani Plateau of Mozambique. Uses Quartzites strength and toughness lends itself to many uses. Crushed quartzite is used in road construction and for railway ballast. It is used to make roofing tiles, stairs, and flooring. When cut and polished, the rock is quite beautiful, as well as durable. It is used to make kitchen countertops and decorative walls. High-purity quartzite is used to make silica sand, ferrosilicon, silicon carbide, and silicon. Paleolithic humans sometimes made stone tools out of quartzite, although it was harder to work than flint or obsidian. Quartzite Versus Quartz and Marble Quartzite is a metamorphic rock, while quartz is an igneous rock that crystallizes from magma or precipiates around hydrothermal vents. Sandstone under pressure becomes quartz arenite and quartzite, but quartzite does not become quartz. The construction industry further complicates the matter. If you buy quartz for countertops, it is actually an engineered material made from crushed quartz, resin, and pigments and not the natural rock. Another rock commonly confused with quartzite is marble. Both quartzite and marble tend to be pale-colored, non-foliated rock. Despite having a similar appearance, marble is a metamorphic rock made from recrystallized carbonate minerals, not silicates. Marble is softer than quartzite. An excellent test to distinguish the two is to apply a bit of vinegar or lemon juice to the rock. Quartzite is impervious to weak acid etching, but marble will bubble and retain a mark. Sources Blatt, Harvey; Tracy, Robert J. (1996). Petrology: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic (2nd ed.). Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-2438-3.Gottman, John W. (1979). Wasatch quartzite: A guide to climbing in the Wasatch Mountains. Wasatch Mountain Club. ISBN 0-915272-23-7.Krukowski, Stanley T. (2006). Specialty Silica Materials. In Jessica Elzea Kogel; Nikhil C. Trivedi; James M. Barker; Stanley T. Krukowski. Industrial minerals rocks: commodities, markets, and uses (7 ed.). Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (U.S.). ISBN 0-87335-233-5.Marshak, Stephen (2016). Essentials of Geology (5th ed.). W. W. Norton Company. ISBN 978-0393601107.

Cognitive Psychology and knowledge representation & organization, Essay

Cognitive Psychology and knowledge representation & organization, language, problem solving, and creativity - Essay Example derstanding of the concept of cognitive psychology as a principle is anchored on methods that consist of its anchorage on matters that appear contentious. Nevertheless scholars have preferred to distinguish varieties of psychology so that the final body consists of two characteristics. One analysis is the way individuals act and demonstrate self control, together with the consequence of assuming distal forms like biological variations into some special consideration. These assumptions are considered on the assumption that knowledge comes from generative mechanisms; so that the consequence of these mechanisms for the consideration is considered in a variety of different situations. Furthermore, interventions and directions will be considered in this situation in connection to subjectively constructed phenomenological experiences. The three mentioned characteristics are the fundamental core features of cognitive reasoning. Conventional representation of cognitive psychological perspectives in matters of knowledge construction refers to mental systems of consideration of these features. These methods of of thinking is legitimate since in one way there are numerous authors who refuse to refer to themselves as psychological cognitive psychological thinkers. However, there exist considerable contrasts between different cognitive methods, for example between radical cognitive empiricists and social cognitive empirics. Thorough going cognitive psychologists which views realism in science as some kind of inadequate phenomena and then assumes an informational kindred to cognitive systems (Heppner & Kivlighan 2008) plays a very important role in cognitive psychology, even though it is naturalized as the prototype of all forms of perspectives. Radical cognitive thinkers like Maturana and Varela always questioned the possibility of total objectivity and hard truth for the reasons that only information which is dependable and serves to boost the system is processed. Truth

Court Report Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Court Report - Personal Statement Example Excessive formality involving security checks etc makes the proceedings look serious, but this is a necessary security precaution. The silence is important too as everybody needs to hear all proceedings clearly. Modern techniques of using multimedia display screens and air conditioning makes the proceedings easier for the judge(s), jury and others. Waites observes that flat-panel monitors are more conducive to the courtroom environment. They allow the judge and attorneys to review information together before displaying it to the jury (Waites, 384). Such systems have the option of delaying display on the large screen through 'delay switches'. This allows the judge to review information before presenting it to the jury. Moreover enhanced video and sound playback devices such as the ELMO, as acknowledged in the Litigant's report, improves the quality of information processing inside the courtroom (Webb). The courtroom looked well secured. All entrants are thoroughly examined through security devices such as metal detectors. The judge's bench is elevated about three steps above the floor, so that his/ her vision covers the whole courtroom, and he/she is equipped with security alarm as well. The hallways and the courtroom comes under surveillance of security cameras, moreover a docket box may be used to control for large number of arrestees, who wait there with the defendants before appearing in front of the judge in the courtroom. On a whole the courtroom looked well secured from any miscreant activity. Court Personnel Barristers: Barristers are specialist legal advisers found in many common law jurisdictions that employ a split profession in legal representation. They are court room advocates trained to advise clients on the strengths and weaknesses of their case. Barristers become involved in a case when advocacy before the court is required by the client. It is the solicitor who is in a direct relation with the client. As put in the UK bar council website a barrister could be compared to a specialist in medicine, who is consulted by a client's personal doctor when the case is complex and beyond the personal doctor's knowledge. Here the personal doctor or a general practitioner is taken to be the solicitor (What Barristers Do). The comparison is not entirely accurate though. There is no difference in the level of complexity in the practice of law by the different branches of the profession, though barristers tend to be instructed in complex litigation and in certain other specialist fields. Stenographer: He or she is an individual who records court proceedings either in shorthand or through the use of a paper-punching device. A court stenographer is an officer of the court whose appointment is largely governed by statute. She is an official under the control of the court and is, therefore, generally subject to its direction. The stenographer has the duty to attend court throughout the trial and record all proceedings. She must take notes of what occurs before the court and these notes must certify that all the evidence, and charges levied against the defendant were fully and accurately taken at the trial and that the transcript represents an accurate translation of the notes. In addition to preparing and protecting the legal record, the Bureau of Labor Statistics website informs that many stenos

Hr Managing Towards Recruitment And Selection Management Essay

Hr Managing Towards Recruitment And Selection Management Essay With the advent of growing emphasis on people as the prime source of competitive advantage, the foremost important decision for an organization has been to ensure the selection of the right people to join the workforce (Beardwell and Holden, 2001, p. 225). In the early 1990s, Beaumont (1993, p.56 cited in Beardwell and Holden, 2001, p. 225) identified three focus areas having significant relevance in the current industry scenario that has enhanced the potential importance of the selection decision in individual organizations. The areas include demographic trends and changes in the labour market, which have led to a less homogeneous workforce that emphasizes on fairness in selection process. Secondly, the desire for a multi-skilled, flexible workforce and an increased emphasis on team working has led to conclude that selection decision are concerned with behaviour and attitudes than with matching individuals on basis of the current job requirements. Lastly, the link between corporate strategy and Human Resource Management has led to the evolution of the concept of strategic selection that refers to the development of a system that links selection to the overall organizational strategy while aligning personnel to emerging business strategies. Thus to have a positive impact on companys productivity and profitability, the practice of recruitment and selection in Human Resource Management has become increasingly important (Beardwell and Holden, 2001, p. 225). The increased global competition and the increasing customer expectations mean that the growth and sustenance of an organization is proving to be challenging. Organisations need to be more proactive in their approach to sustain profitability and meet the ever changing global business dynamics by attracting and retaining high-quality individuals who can respond effectively to this changing environment (Bach, 2008, p. 115). Hiring competent people is of prime importance to an organization, which is greatly dependent on effective recruitment and selection procedures. As cited in Bach (2008), a poor recruitment decision can cost an employer an amount equal to 30 per cent of the employees first year earnings (Hacker 1997). These costs can include lower productivity, potential loss of customers; cost incurred in training, advertising, recruitment fees and redundancy packages (Smith and Graves 2002 cited in Bach, 2008, p. 115). Thus, in order to have a competitive edge, it is increasingly e ssential that in tight labour market scenario, firms must evolve and practice better recruitment, selection and retention strategies (Boxall and Purcell, 2003, p. 15). As mentioned in a case study on Betterbuy (Greenwood, 2007), as part of their good personnel practice they offer a market-leading package of pay and benefits such as childcare vouchers and two share schemes namely Save as you earn and Buy as you earn. It also regards eligible staff for their hard work and commitment with free shares and a pension scheme that allows member to build up a pension based in their earnings and service. The term recruitment and selection are commonly referred together; however they have distinct human resource management activities and functions. Recruitment comprises of short-listing candidate applications from potential employees, while selection techniques are used to decide which of the short-listed applicant is best suited for the job (Taylor, 2005, p. 166). Further reiterating the above point, Boxall and Purcell (2003, p. 143) has also stated that recruitment and selection are nearly always joint management processes of some kind where both line and specialist managers are involved. Bratton and Gold (2003, p. 221) defines recruitment as the process of generating a pool of capable people to apply for employment to an organization. Selection is the process by which managers and others use specific instruments to choose from a pool of applicants a person or persons most likely to succeed in the job(s), given management goals and legal requirement (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 221). Newell and Shackleton (2000, p.113 cited in Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 226) refer to recruitment as the process of attracting people who might make a contribution to the particular organisation. Bach (2008) defines Recruitment as the process of attracting people who might make an organizational contribution to fill a particular role or job. While, Selection is predicting which candidates will make the most appropriate contribution to the organization now and in the future (Hackett, 1991 cited in Beardwell and Holden, 2001, p. 226) In the 1980s, some major changes were witnessed within organizations in regards to their HR practices; for instance it became more assertive as to its role played in organization (Legge, 1995 cited in Searle, 2003, p. 7). This was due to an increasing awareness and evidence of the impact of HR had on the viability of the organisations success. During this period, HR policies emerged as significant levers for assisting firms in repositioning themselves. It resulted in recruitment and selection processes being considered as the key factors for successful change management (Searle, 2003, p. 7). It can thus be asserted that selection is about how to make fair, un-biased and relevant assessments of the strengths and weaknesses of short-listed potential employees by using various selection techniques. While recruitment is the way in which a firm tries to source or attract candidates among whom it will short-list. Thus, in other words, recruitment strategy involves the organisations attempt to portray the firm as an attractive place to work thereby attracting good talent (Boxall and Purcell, 2003, p. 141). There are two methods of recruitment: Internal and External. INTERNAL RECRUITMENT One of the crucial points to reflect upon during the recruitment procedure is whether or not there is a need to recruit outside the organization. Implementing alternative approaches to recruitment might lead to the development of effective solutions at considerably lower cost (Taylor, 2005, p. 166). Research shows that most private sector companies attempt to fill vacancies internally before looking for people outside the organization (Newell and Shackleton, 2000, p. 116, CIPD 2003b, p. 11 cited in Taylor, 2005, p. 167). Fuller and Huber (1998, p. 621 cited in Taylor, 2005, p.167) identifies four distinct internal recruitment activities like internal promotions, lateral transfers, job rotation schemes and re-hiring former employees. Some of the key advantages of internal recruitment of an organization are its cost effectiveness and quick as vacancies can be advertised internally on staff notice boards, in-house publications or intranet systems at no additional cost. Thus, it promotes and helps in developing a strong establishment of motivated and committed employees among existing employees and also that the management is already familiar with the strengths and limitations of the employee. It also helps a company to maximize its return on investment invested in staff recruitment, selection and training processes. The employee in his new position is already familiar with the business objectives and has a better knowledge and understanding about the companys operations. The time taken to fill a vacancy is lesser leading to improving greater organizational effectiveness and reduction in cost and time. However, some of the disadvantages of internal recruitment are that new employees would bring in fresher ideas whic h are often required to challenge the status quo especially at senior levels. It can also lead to bringing about sterility by limiting the number of potential candidates for the job profile, lack of originality and a decline in the breadth of an organisations collective knowledge base. It may also be possible that the best suited person may not be available within the firm. Also an inclination towards this tends to perpetuate existing imbalances in the make-up of the workforce resulting in the feeling of inequality and resentment among the workforce who have not been selected. (Taylor, 2005, p. 168) EXTERNAL RECRUITMENT Even as there are numerous different approaches used to attract applications for prospective candidates, some of the formal methods used are printed media (national and local newspapers, trade and professional journals and magazines), external agencies (job centres, outplacement consultants, headhunters, employment agencies, forces resettlement agency, recruitment consultants), education liaison (careers service, careers fairs, college tutors, careers advisors, student societies), other media (direct mail, local radio teletext, billboards, internet, television and cinema), and professional contacts (conferences, trade union referrals, suppliers, industry contacts), other methods (factory gate posters, past applicant records, open days, personal recommendation or word of mouth, poaching). Few other informal methods include whereby employees families, suppliers or personal acquaintances get to hear about a vacancy via word of mouth or the grapevine. Several approaches like job centres or word of mouth is relatively less expensive in comparison to publishing advertisement in national newspaper or in delegating the task to headhunters. A few methods, such as the use of television and cinema, are used as a mode of recruiting by the largest employing organisations seeking to recruit substantial numbers like the Army and Navy recruiters (Taylor, 2005, p. 169-70). Some of the few advantages of external recruitment include that a new recruit will bring in fresh perspective and ideas, the best suited candidate can be chosen from the large pool of candidates, recruits having wider knowledge and experience on the subject can be chosen. The disadvantages to external recruitment would include that the process is long and hence more time consuming, selection process alone may not be able to identify and reveal the best candidate and also that the cost incurred is enormous for placing advertisements to attract potential talent. According to a study conducted by IRS (2001b, pp34; 2003c cited in Taylor, 2005, p. 171), approximately  £1 billion is spent each year on recruitment advertising in the United Kingdom. An HR Manager would require choosing a publication depending on the target audience. An opinion poll research carried out and published by Recruitment Today (June 1995) has indicated that around 70 per cent of people purchase different newspaper when they are looking for a new job. Thus information about readership levels and profiles is only of limited use in deciding the placement of job advertisement. It is essential for the HR manager to reflect upon whether or not there is a need to advertise nationally. For most jobs, local newspapers are preferable, because they reach potential applicants only within the relevant travel-to-work and are thus more cost effective. The need to organize at a national level arises when the target audience is at a national level. Some of the other additional alternat ive methods of recruitment include: Internet Recruitment: The scope and usage of internet as a medium of recruitment has witnessed a significant growth in the recent years. In the late 1990s, the jobs advertised on the web were mainly in IT or academia, or were specifically targeting graduate recruitments. In 2003, nearly 70 per cent of employers had been advertising vacancies on the internet (CIPD 2003b, p. 15 cited in Taylor, 2005, p. 176), while on the other hand the providers of job search website were spending vast amounts of money on TV, cinema, radio advertising, sports sponsorship and public relations activities as a means of building their public profile and brand image (Taylor, 2005). The key advantages of Internet recruitment are that large companies have a greater potential to attract passing traffic to their company corporate website By cutting down on the need to use written correspondence or field phone calls will prove to be a cost saving for the company. This form of recruitment is attractive to an emp loyer as it gives him the access to a potential audience of millions. Some of the disadvantages of internet recruitment include technology system getting hampered by bugs, computer crashes and threat of losing applications caused by recruiters with poor IT enabled skills which will result in further delay rather than accelerating the recruitment process. Poorly designed or over-engineered websites represent a further pitfall by means of slow loading speeds are all guaranteed to create fatigue in the potential candidate users whose expectations of fast, reliable access are very high thus causing damage to the brand image of the company (Taylor, 2005, p. 179). In the past few years, there has been a significant rapid development in online recruitment or commonly termed as e-recruitment which has accelerated the growth of e-Human Resource Management (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 230). In the year 2003, the Singapore Ministry of Manpower (Storey, 2007, p. 238) highlighted some of the key potential benefits of e-HR. The hard benefits included reduced service delivery costs due to automation of key HR business processes, by improving the accuracy of these HR processes the out put would lead to reduction in correction costs, by using intranet as a means of internal communication channel would eliminate costs of printing and distributing information to employees, improving staff productivity and efficacy by providing universal access 24/7 on various information thereby reducing the data entry and search costs through employee and manager self-service. While some of the soft benefits included allowing instant processing of data collected leading to reduction in cycle times, increasing employee satisfaction and engaging in better employee relations by improvising on the quality of HR service, making HR function to align with strategic partner in business, an indicator of change towards an organisational culture that promotes initiative, self-reliance and improved internal service standards by using technology. Employer websites: One of the most convenient methods includes highlighting existing vacancies available in an organization in respective organization website. However, links to these vacancies can be uploaded on various other search engines and recruitment agency website. These sites are easy to maintain and is cost effective as it provides an organization the opportunity to provide relevant adequate information about the profile for it to attract more responses. As quoted by Frankland (2000, cited in Taylor, 2005, p. 176); the total cost incurred to set up a fully operational website is equivalent to the total amount spent by a firm on advertisement in national newspapers. The organisations have immensely benefited by using websites as a medium of advertising the existing vacancies, but it is essential to evaluate the degree and the extent to which it has impacted in the recruitment procedure. As the success of this method solely depends upon the extent to which potential employees visit the websites. Cyber agencies: This method involves the use of specialist employment agencies that specializes in recruitment and selection of potential recruits for example, monster.com. These agencies carry out the functions and role carried out by employment agencies traditionally. These agencies extend their services to not only publish advertisements of vacancies but also short-list the candidates on behalf of the employers. (Taylor, 2005) Job linked to newspapers and journals: Many companies advertise in local and national national newspapers, notice boards, recruitment fairs and substantiate the advertisement with relevant important information relating to the job like the job title, pay package, location, job description, how to apply-either by CV or application form. The success of the recruitment process depends upon whether it is able to attract substantial number of candidates of the desired quality within the allocated budget. Too many applicants may reduce the cost per applicant but add further costs in terms of the time taken to screen the applications. While few applications received may be an indication of a tight labour market and also that the companys values, ethos and brand image in the market are poor attractors. It is thus essential that HR managers monitor the effect of such factors on the overall recruitment process (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p 234). SELECTION After the identification of a pool of potential candidates, the HR Manager needs choose and select the short-listed candidates who would best suit the job profile (Bach, 2008, p. 129). Some of the selection methods include interviews, psychometric testing (cognitive and personality test), assessment centres, references, biodata, job simulation or work sampling. Various selection techniques are used to measure differences between applicants and provide a prediction of future performance at work while measuring the effectiveness of these selection methods. Two statistical concepts reliability and validity are of relevant importance in the selection process. Techniques that are chosen on the basis of their consistency in measurement over a period of time is termed as reliability and the degree to which they measure what they are supposed to measure is referred as validity (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 234). The three important forms of reliability include the testee or the test-retest, the tester and the test reliability. Among the different forms of validity, the most important is the predictive or criterion-related validity. It refers to establishing an association between the predictors that comprises of the results obtained from various selection methods and the criterion that measures the performance on the job (Bach, 2008, p. 130). An HR Manager in an organization is using more sophisticated selection techniques and is ensuring to make good selection decisions. A good selection decision would reduce a number of costs incurred like the overall cost of the selection process that includes the use of various selection instruments, the future cost of inducting and training new staff and staff turnover. The process and method of selection to be used are based on two key fundamentals. Firstly, individual differences would measure the extent to which two individuals would differ on the parameters of intelligence, attitude, social skills, psychological and physical characteristics, experience, etc. Secondly, recognizing the way in which people differ would be reflected upon the prediction of performance by the individual at the workplace Many leading companies may use a variety of these techniques and statistical theory for giving credibility to techniques that attempt to measure peoples attitude, attributes, abilities and overall personality (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 234). Methods of Selection: Selection interviewing Interview is one of the oldest and commonly used selection methods. Cook (1994, p.15 cited in Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 236) referred the usage of interviews along with application forms and referral / recommendation letters as the classic trio. The interview pattern can be broadly classified on the basis of the Information Elicited which would dwell on the focus on facts and the information that is required. It would follow a direct approach and give emphasis on seeking subjective information from the interviewee as the factual information must have been already collated prior to the interview. This pattern may require to qualified psychologist as it may require usage of intensive probing. It can secondly be classified on the basis of structure like structured or unstructured. Thirdly, on basis of the order and involvement pattern adopted while conducting the interview. Also by using questions related to ones past behaviour coupled with competencies in inter views has further enhanced the effectiveness of this method (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 238). Psychometric testing: It has formed an integral part of the selection process of most organization because of its ability to provide an objective measurement of individual competencies and personality (Beardwell and Holden, 2001, p. 243). This type of selection is also considered to have a good record of reliability and validity. Further evidence of its usage since 1990s has been witnessed due to the rapid growth in the number of organizations using this test leading to more HR professionals being trained to administer the functioning of the test (McHenry 1997a cited in Bratton and Gold, 2003, p.239). The two types of test include cognitive or ability test and personality test. Cognitive tests provide a detailed assessment of an individuals intellectual abilities like specific abilities or general intelligence. Personality test provides a detailed assessment of an individuals behaviour when confronted with a specific situation (Bach, 2008, p. 133). Assessment Centre It incorporates a variety of selection methods like interviews, psychometric test, simulations, in-tray exercises and group decision-making exercises, role-plays and presentations to test the mental ability, reasoning and personality of an individual employee (Taylor, 2005, p.242-3). Assessment centres are designed to provide information like the strengths and weaknesses of an individual employee to management for making decisions in relation to suitability for a position. (Bratton and Gold, 2003). Various on-going validity studies have found the assessment centres to have good predictive ability. One of the major drawbacks of the centre is the cost associated with setting up and functioning of the assessment centre (Taylor, 2005, p. 242). CONCLUSION While critically analyzing on which recruitment and selection approach and methodology an HR Manager must adopt for their organization, it is crucial to consider the impact and accuracy of its approach adopted on the target audience. Further, recruiters need to be aware of the image of their organization they are portraying to the external world. A local newspaper advertisement might attract large number of applicants; but there is a strong business case for spending rather more on a substantial advertisement set by professionals conveying to job seekers that the organization compares favourably with others as a place to work. Few methods are ruled out because of time constraints as most personnel specialists may quite often have pressure from line managers to fill vacancies within days instead of weeks. Thus the range of possible recruitment methods gets severely restricted. Under such circumstances, the best option that a firm can adopt is to outsource the task of recruitment and s election to employment agencies, job centres or use personal contacts (Taylor, 2005, p. 169). It may also prove to be beneficial to consider the volume of applications as outcomes that each method is likely to yield and the ability of the personnel department to administer and act upon effectively. An HR Manager should avoid selecting a recruitment methodology which resulted in receiving hundreds of applications for a single unskilled job vacancy and vice versa. For instance, an advertisement seeking application for very senior cadre roles where the widest pool of appropriately qualified individuals is needed to enable the organization to screen out all but the very best candidates. Another example would be the opening of a new plant store leading to the creating a demand for several hundreds of new jobs (Taylor, 2005, p. 169). Proposed References: Torrington, D., Hall, L., and Taylor S. (2002) Human Resource Management. 5th edition. FT Prentice Hall, England Bratton, J. and Gold, J. (2003) Human Resource Management Theory and Practice. 3rd edition. Palgrave Macmillan, New York Searle, R. (2003) Selection and Recruitment a critical text Palgrave Macmillan, UK in association with The Open University 1st edition Storey, J. (2007) Human Resource Management a critical text. 3rd edition. Thomson Learning, London Boxall, P. and Purcell, J. (2008) Strategy and Human Resource Management. 2nd edition. Palgrave Macmillan, New York Taylor, S. (2005) People Resourcing. 3rd edition CIPD, London Beardwell, I. and Holden, L. (2001) Human Resource Management: A Contemporary Approach. FT Prentice Hall: Pearson Education Limited, England Bach, S. (2008) Managing Human Resources: Personnel Management in Transition. 4th edition. Blackwell Publishing, UK Callaghan, G. and Thompson, P. (2002) We recruit attitude: The selection and shaping of routine call centre labour, Journal of Management Studies: 39(2): 233-254 Greeenwood, I. (2007) Recruitment in the retail sector: a large supermarket, Work and Employment Relations Division Teaching Case, University of Leeds **********************

Mind, Soul, Language in Wittgenstein Essay examples -- Philosophy Phil

Mind, Soul, Language in Wittgenstein ABSTRACT: I show that the latter Wittgenstein's treatment of language and the mind results in a conception of the human subject that goes against the exclusive emphasis on the cognitive that characterizes our modern conception of knowledge and the self. For Wittgenstein, our identification with the cognitive ego is tantamount to a blindness to our own nature — blindness that is entrenched in our present culture. The task of philosophy is thus transformed into a form of cultural therapy that seeks to awaken in us a sensitivity to different modes of awareness than the merely intellectual. Its substance of reflection becomes not only the field of conscious rational thought, but the tension in our nature between reason and vital feeling, that is, between culture and life. It is well known that Wittgenstein is responsible for two great moments in the philosophy of this century; the first initially and incorrectly identified with logical positivism, and the second even now considered as paradigm of Analytic philosophy. Insofar as identifications, both interpretations seem to me to show an imperfect and only partial understanding of Wittgenstein's philosophical motivations, but I do not intend to discuss that point on this opportunity. What is important to our present purposes is that what separates his two great works is his discovery of a kind of intellectual blindness produced by the almost exclusive predominance of one single conception of knowledge or rationality in our culture. The first signs of this philosophical shift are found in Wittgenstein's observations not specifically about language but rather about ritual practices, as they were considered in The Golden Bough. In his opini... ...of devotion their incessant, inevitable and essential tension. Notes (1) "Remarks on The Golden Bough", (OF), p. 58. (2) OF, p. 73; Cf. Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, II,  § 39-40, pp. 84-5. (3) OF, p. 78. (4) OF, p. 83. (5) All these attempts announce what Wittgenstein will call our "form of life". (6) Cf. Philosophical Investigations II, iv. (7) This example is derived form Stanley Cavell's discussions in: "Aesthetic Problems of Modern Philosophy" in: Must We Mean What We Say?, Cambridge University Press, 1969. (8) Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology, v.1,  § 313 (9) Cf. Marcia Cavell: The Psychoanalytic Mind: From Freud to Philosophy, Harvad University Press, Cambridge, 1993, p. 102. (10) Cà ©sar Vallejo, in El arte y la revolucià ³n, Lima, Mosca Azul Editores, 1973, p. 70 (11) Cf. Philosophical Investigations, II, xii

Increase in Tommy John Surgery Amongst Young Athletes

In order to keep up with the competition, athletes must constantly look for a competitive advantage. There are many ways to do this, both good and bad, legal and illegal. The hottest trend in today's society is very unique and out of the ordinary. Young athletes have been turning to a procedure called Tommy John surgey in order to get a boost in athletic performance. This surgery has been sought out by these young athletes even when not injured, and this has outraged many professionals and doctors around the world.This growing trend has been highly debated and will continue to be until some sort of guidelines are set. Tommy John surgery is reconstructive surgery of the ulnar collateral ligament in the elbow. This surgery has been common amongst college and professional athletes over the last few decades, most notably baseball players. The surgery was first performed in 1974 on former Major League Baseball star Tommy John by Doctor Frank Jobe. The surgery was so revolutionary, Doctor Jobe decided to name the surgery after his first patient.The process for Tommy John surgery is a quite simple process that has evolved over time. Basically, when ulnar collateral ligament in the elbow becomes damaged, a tendon needs to be taken from another part of the body in order to replace the damaged one. The new tendon is carefully woven into a figure eight pattern in the elbow bone. There is a slight risk of damage to the ulnar nerve, but if done carefully, the process is pretty routine these days. One of the key reasons why young athletes are opting for this surgery is the rising success rate ever since it has been in existence.When it was first discovered and performed, the surgery was given a 1 in 100 success rate by surgeon Frank Jobe. The success rate as of 2009 is an astonishing 85-92 percent. The time it takes to recover depends on the sport, and the position played in that sport. On average, it takes between 6 and 12 months to fully recover, with baseball pitchers tak ing the longest. The causes for this surgery can be a variety of situations. Through the repetitive stress of the throwing motion, the ulnar collateral ligament can become stretched, frayed, or torn severly.In pitchers, the total number of pitches thrown is the best way to monitor elbow issues. The type of pitch thrown, such as a curveball or a slider, also has an effect but not quite as much of one as the number of pitches thrown. Children these days are beind overworked more than ever, thus causing a dramatic increase in elbow issues in young athletes. The growing concern with this surgery as of late has been the urge of these teenagers who want to get this surgery even when they are not injured.The reason for this is because since so many athletes come back from this surgery playing at a much higher level than pre-surgery, these young kids figure that they might as well get the surgery before they can get hurt. Parents are also at fault here as well because there are many cases w here the parent is the initiator as well. Beau Wycoff, a freshman baseball player for his hometown high school Toms River North, is facing this same issue. His father believes that he should get Tommy John surgery because he doesn't throw as hard as the other boys on the team.He isn't looked at as a top player, and his father believes that this will make him stronger and throw much harder. Beau is not on the same page and is very torn about this situation. â€Å"I want to be the team's top pitcher, but having this surgery when I'm not hurt is something I am not sure about,† Beau said. This is just an example of what goes on all over the country with young athletes and their decisions to acheive a competitive advantage. In an e-mail response from the Center for Sports Parenting, they simply are irate about this situation.They believe that there should be a significant medical issue with the elbow for someone to legally go through with the surgery. Also mentioned was pressure f rom parents in order to get this surgery is a huge concern in dealing with this topic. The Center believes that operating on a perfectly healthy elbow in order to get some kind of advantage is an unnecessary risk for a young athlete. Situations like these make Tommy John surgery look like it's a bad thing, and that certainly is not the case. It should only be seen as a bad thing when it is abused by people who truly do not need it.This surgery has been proven by many studies to be very positive. In one study where a questionarre was sent out to 743 patients who had the surgery, 94. 5 percent were baseball players and the other 5. 5 percent were track, football, and other. Out of these people questioned, 622 patients or 83 percent, returned to their previous level of play or higher. The average recovery time of these patients was 11. 6 months. Also recorded was that only 10 percent of these patients had complications, which were mostly minor.Guisto Salicetti has been a baseball pitch er since he was 7 years old. He came to St. Peter's College on a baseball scholarship after dominating the high school ranks for 4 years. After arriving at school he soon had elbow troubles and found out he needed Tommy John surgery. The surgery went well and he is currently lightly throwing and should be able to pitch in a game in no time. â€Å"The surgery was a very positive for me and even though the recovery has been a lot of hard work, hopefull it will all be worth it in the end,† Guisto said.Tommy John surgery has become a phenomenon in the last couple of years. If done for the right reasons, the procedure is a great innovation is surgical medicine. There are some circumstances where this surgery can be abused and mistreated. This needs to be addressed in the near future because young athletes and parents are taking this too far. Tommy John surgery should be all about success stories and revitalizing careers, not about controversy and potentially ruining a young teenag ers's promising athletic experience.

A Critical Discussion of the Theory of Justice by John Rawls

ASSIGNMENT Department: Program: Course: Course Code: Assignment Number: Assignment Title: Lecturer: Date: Student: Registration Number: Mode of Study: Philosophy Bachelor of Accounting and Finance Business Ethics and Corporate Governance BAC 223 (One) An essay on the Theory of justice by John Rawls Mr. F D Bisika 7th March 2013 Steve Tseka – third year A-BAF/2013/1/45 Distance learning Page 1 of 5 Critical discussion on the central features of John Rawls’ Theory of Justice John Rawls is an American philosopher who was born in 1921 and died in the year 2002. In His books, Theory of Justice and Justice and fairness published in 1971 and 1958 respectively, Rawls is noted for being a social contract theorist in that he believes that our†¦show more content†¦So that one does not benefit more by chance from or inheritance, it is reasonable to assume that a child must be separated from their parents, and all are to be given the same education to ensure that no one child benefits unequally in relation to another. In order to ensure that all starting points are equal, we must then ensure that all children have the same education and the same social life, as both are the result of chance and have a direct influence on how successful they are. Otherwise, it would merely be the result of a chance purely based on who one’s parents were. In this argument, however, Milton Friedman sees an illogical distinction between what he sees as â€Å"personal e ndowments† and those of property. 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